What is doubly charged?

Doubly charged refers to a particle or atom that has an electric charge of -2e or +2e, where e is the elementary electric charge. This means that the particle has lost or gained two electrons, resulting in a net charge of -2 or +2.

Doubly charged ions are important in electrochemistry and ion chemistry, as they interact differently with their surroundings compared to singly charged ions. They also have a higher charge density and are more strongly attracted to their counterions.

Examples of doubly charged ions include the calcium ion (Ca2+) and the sulfate ion (SO42-). Doubly charged ions can also be created through ionization processes such as electron impact ionization or chemical ionization.